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joint

The surface of the bone that forms the joint is covered with a special kind of clear cartilage-smooth, providing the lowest friction during joint surface motor skills.If arthritis is diagnosed, it means the cartilage is under destruction.

Progress, destructive processes apply to bones and then to joint capsules.The disease has a common code according to ICD 10-M15-M19, which is estimated as a pathological category of skeletal muscle and connective tissue.

According to medical statistics, 12% of the world's population suffers from osteoarthritis, most of whom are 65-year-olds.But there is a shocking trend every year to increase the number of young people who are sick.The diagnosis is not fatal, but arthritis hides the threat of its recurrence and complete disability.

Mechanism of occurrence

The disease gradually develops and can be distinguished in four stages:

  1. Initially, a blood supply or damaged area appears in the cartilage area.Gradually, in the presence of trauma factors, the region did not recover, but instead, the region's growth.
  2. The human body trying to restore the destructive cartilage replaces damaged areas with mineralized tissue without clear structure.Typically, this fabric is replaced with smooth, sliding and elastic hyaluronic cartilage.
  3. Gradually, the surface of the cartilage becomes scars and bone growth - bone plants.
  4. The healthy area of load was increased a few times and the wear and tear was very fast, so the whole cartilage turned into a large scar.

If the pathological process is not stopped, the joint will undergo the following adverse changes:

  • The bones are involved in the destruction process;
  • Synovial inflammation;
  • Joint capsules become denser and lose their elasticity.
  • The lumen of the joint space decreases rapidly.
  • The bones are not touched and deformed like the entire joint.
  • The fabric of the joint is reborn and thus the possibility of movement is completely lost.

Types of joints

Normal joints and joints

This disease will definitely affect any joint surface!Meanwhile, despite having the same pathological mechanism, it is classified into several types.

Therefore, according to which joints are sick, they distinguish:

  • Arthritis of the knee joint or tello osteoarthritis (abbreviated gonadotropin);
  • Hip arthritis (abbreviated as coronary heart disease);
  • Shoulder arthritis;
  • Inter-joint communication;
  • Arthritis of the ankle joint;
  • Hand arthritis;
  • Cervical arthritis;
  • mandibular arthritis;
  • Arthritis of nephephalanx joints;
  • Ilia articulation;
  • Keyboard - Macroarthritis;
  • Time arthritis;
  • heel arthritis;
  • Arch arthritis (abbreviated as spondylitis) that affects the arcing process of the vertebrae;
  • small-correlated joint articulation of spinal joints;
  • non-deciduous arthritis;
  • rib arthritis;
  • Taran - Plastic joints.

According to the details of the pathological process in cartilage tissue, they distinguish:

  • Deformed joints are the name of a disease that has entered the end (last) stage;
  • Arthritis - The existence of a classic inflammatory process is characteristic.
  • Chronic;
  • Acute arthritis.

Due to pathological reasons, they distinguish:

  • Nutritious joint diseases of joints associated with key metabolic diseases;
  • Fracture arthritis is caused by appropriate injuries.
  • Posttraumatic arthritis.

There is another category - is the disease independent or caused by the cause:

  • Major - Appearing in completely healthy cartilage, another name - idiopathic arthritis or a change in age-related age;
  • Secondary - caused by many reasons.

Joint symptoms

All localized arthritis have fairly typical signs, and their severity varies depending on the degree of pathology development:

  • Pain, pain, high humidity and hypothermia;
  • Reduced joint mobility;
  • crisp, squeaking and crossing sounds in joint surface movement;
  • External changes in joint profile;
  • Swelling and swelling;
  • Red skin.

pain

The initial signs of a violation cause oneself to feel weak or moderate short-term pain that almost never occurs at night but usually only occurs on the joint surface.

When the inflammation process moves to the final stage, the patient begins to feel unbearable, “gnaw” pain due to blood stagnation and increased pressure on the joint pockets.The characteristic of pain is that pain is pain at any time of the day, whether the affected area is in the rest of the body or during exercise.

joint

This symptom is a characteristic of a neglected disease.Meanwhile, in the early stages, the patient is still uncomfortable when he wakes up in the morning with some restrained feeling when moving.

As the destructive response develops, the patient notes:

  • Limit the magnitude of normal movement;
  • It is impossible to change the position of the stationary limbs, and even try to manually cancel the joints.
  • At a certain position of the joint, the strong fixation (contracting) for a long time is in a state of lack of motor activities.

Finally, in the fourth stage of pathology, the anchoring form is to replace joint tissue with scar form and completely lose function.

Sounds in joints

Tightening can be accompanied by any dysfunction of the bone and cartilage, not only caused by arthritis.

However, this disease sounds very characteristic:

  • only appear in painful joints;
  • with difficulty in exercise;
  • It has the ability to strengthen pathological development and falls on the formation of anchoring.

Change the appearance of joints

The obvious changes occurred later.Therefore, the axis of the affected limb is curved, and the joint area itself is disfigured - its size grows, and its form is uglyly modified.

All of this suggests irreversible destruction of joints, in which no new fabric is formed, no some kind of structure.

If this pathogenic process occurs in the knee, it means that the load and normal joints will increase the load on the ankle joint, which will also damage them over time.

Causes of joints

Pathology can occur in one joint and spread to several.The disease is least likely to occur at a young age - the vitality is still enough to heal the body.

However, for people of all ages, the reasons for their direction are:

  • Internal - some diseases, bad habits, unbalanced nutrition, etc.;
  • External - Injury, professional factors.

Internal causes negative changes in joint factors in the form of arthritis.Distinguish between inflammation of various origins:

  • infectious (intestines and wands of Koch, viruses, Chlamydia, Staphylococcus, shallow caterpillars, etc.);
  • rheumatism;
  • purulent arthritis;
  • autoimmunity;
  • gout;
  • psoriasis.

In addition, causes of internal exposure include congenital or acquired cartilage tissue and malnutritional structures, which may be related to the following reasons:

  • Genetic failures and mutations;
  • Intrauterine development abnormalities, including perinatal injury;
  • old age;
  • Osteoporosis, i.e. "leaching" from bone tissues of elements;
  • Hormonal diseases and overload, including menopause;
  • Violating normal metabolism;
  • Nutritional disadvantages of vitamins and trace elements;
  • A disease that attracts muscle weakness;
  • Internal prolonged poisoning.

The intensification of many diseases of musculoskeletal bones also requires cartilage degeneration.

The external causes of disease development are factors such as the damage to joints:

  • Often hypothermia;
  • Dislocation;
  • Strong blow;
  • fracture;
  • Meniscal injection;
  • Strong physical exercise (such as weightlifting);
  • Professional sports;
  • Surgical joint intervention.

Articulation degree

According to the clinical manifestations and progression of the disease, there are four joint stages:

  1. Arthropathy, which is the initial stage of arthritis, is characterized by hidden symptoms, in the form of negative changes in negative fluid, if it occurs, it is a weakening of muscle fibers, only muscle fibers appear, and only physical fatigue;
  2. Secondary articulation - This is already a feeling of pain due to the destructive joints and bone plants of the bone, which is disturbed by reflex neurotrophic regulation and audible tightening occurs.
  3. The third degree of joint action is characterized by significant degenerate changes in the joint, which can be seen with the curvature of the limb axis, shortening of ligaments, and pathological movement of the joint.
  4. The fourth degree of jointness is completely ankylosing and is even completely rehabilitated and severe pain even when still.

All four stages are unevenly performed: during the pathological period, moments of sharp intensification and relief may occur.

Joint therapy

Clinically proven to treat and prevent the form of provocative factors for hyaluron cartilage injury, although they do not eliminate the disease in the initial stage, but instead stop its development and restore the function of the joint.

Basically, conservative methods are used to treat small and moderate severity diseases.In the case of severe damage to the cartilage that causes bone damage, plants within the surgery were pointed out.

In addition, the basic principles of treatment are:

  • A comprehensive approach means several treatments are used;
  • Objective, i.e., efforts to eliminate diseases and consequences caused by diseases are concentrated.

Therapy for folk therapy

It gets comprehensive treatment, but at home you can also resort to the treatment recipes of people’s therapists who effectively treat health problems with herbs and beekeeping products.

From plants use:

  • Corrosive forms in the form of sea leaves, tin agents on vodka and specially prepared oils used outside, directly to the inflammatory area;
  • Treatment of arthritis with honey has become a reliable topical potion that removes inflammation in the form of rubber and nourishes the skin, muscles and cartilage.
  • Cabbage leaves - better than cabbage - a little kneaded, they are wrapped in sore places, insulated with wool fabric and held all night;
  • Aloe vera juice is in compressed form and rubs in the skin;

Cancer also helps with knee arthritis: Bandage the sheets to the sore spots that are insulated throughout the night.

Preparation for arthritis

According to the dosage form used, drug treatments related to classical treatments are divided into drugs:

  • External use, in the form of joint, friction, lotion ointment;
  • injection;
  • medicine for joint medicine;
  • capsule.

ointment

The pharmacology industry produces medical ointments based on natural, highly active components:

  • Vishnevsky ointment;
  • Heparin ointment.

Vestaren tools containing 1% diclofenac help very well: Volda dish used in gel form.

injection

Injections are not only intravenous and in muscles, but also directly into the damage areas, such as drugs from the non-steroid group, prove themselves well in terms of treatment.

Therefore, intra-articular injection is introduced into damaged joint tissue:

  • Glucocorticoids can enhance the nutrition of cartilage tissue, thereby reducing inflammation and increasing elasticity - biarroalanol, hydrocortisone, etc.
  • Cartilage protectors and analogs of fluids in joints, strange, carbon;
  • Hyaluronic acid acts as a lubricant and analgesic.

Formulations in tablets and capsules

The SO cartilage protectant for arthritis containing hyaluron cartilage structural elements is restored in drug treatment.

These drugs are produced in the form of gastrointestinal (oral) tablets and capsules.In addition, the patient was prescribed for joint anti-inflammatory drugs in the non-hard group, and stopped acute pain and relieved aggravation.

Anesthetics are also used in the form of novicaine blockade.

In addition, complex vitamins are specified for joints.

From natural medicines for natural action, bile is recommended for use in compressed form on the skin.

Joint exercise

Special exercise and therapeutic gymnastics (exercise therapy), whose complex complex provides physical exercise for unhealthy parts of the body, has proven itself.

Dr. Bubnovsky and Dr. Evdokimenko have developed their own therapeutic exercise complex.

Massage is related to joints

Very beneficially affects therapeutic and medical massage, thereby improving the microcirculation and nutrition of deep tissues.

Diet Joint Diet

In this state, it is important to adhere to appropriate rational nutrition to slightly improve the patient's condition.It is recommended to abstinence and overeating, and exclude animal fat and fried foods.

Initially, which doctor's complaints about pain in bone joints first treated Arthrosv.It was he who summarized the patient’s history and asked him in detail that he would refer to the required stenosis specialist.

Depending on the cause of the disease and its type, it can be:

  • Orthopedic doctor;
  • trauma scientist;
  • Surgeon
  • Rheumatologist.